Legal Obstacles in Proving of Criminal Acts of Corruption
(Criminal procedure and Constitutional legal aspects of the problem)
Summary: One of the characteristic of our time are frequent changes in social relations, burdened with many tensions and conflicts. For that reason the law has irreplaceable role in regulation of this relations in a direction that is desirable for society. Problem we are facing with in everyday social relations is increase of criminality which doesn’t stop itself inside of national frontiers but becomes more and more international. Increase of corruption is especially disquieting. In this paper its author is dealing with legal obstacles in practice of implementation of corresponding legal instruments devised for struggle against corruption. These problems are dealt with in the paper not only from the Criminal procedure law aspect but from the Constitutional law aspect as well. Some decisions of the courts in Bosnia and Herzegovina are analised with regard to this problem, i.e. with regard to situations of existence of the evidences that a criminal act is perpetrated but problem is that such evidences are not provided by domestic institutions but by institutions of foreign state. Judicial practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina doesn’t have unanimous opinion on possibility to use such evidences in criminal procedure before the domestic courts. Having designated on different opinions in domestic judicial practice, and in practice of European court on human rights as well, in the final part of the work its author has given his opinion how (and why) this problem should be resolved in criminal procedure.
Key words: corruption, proving of corruption, obtaining of evidence, use of evidence, evidences obtained in foreign country, legality of evidence.
Pravne teškoće u dokazivanju krivičnih djela korupcije
Rezime: Jedna od karakteristika vremena u kojem živimo jesu česte promjene u društvenim odnosima, opterećenim brojnim napetostima i konfliktima. Stoga pravo ima nezamjenjivu ulogu u usmjeravanju tih odnosa u pravcu koji je poželjan za društvo. Ono sa čim se suočavamo u svakodnevnim društvenim odnosima jeste porast kriminaliteta koji se ne zadržava unutar granica država, već sve više poprima i internacionalne konture. Posebno je zabrinjavajući porast korupcije. U ovom radu njegov autor govori o pravnim teškoćama na koje se nailazi u praksi primjene odgovarajućih pravnih instrumenata osmišljenih, između ostalog, i za borbu protiv korupcije. Predmet rada je razmatran ne samo sa krivičnoprocesnog nego i sa ustavnopravnog aspekta. S tim u vezi u radu su analizirane određene presude sudova u Bosni i Hercegovini, kako bi se pokazalo na kakve pravne teškoće se nailazi u dokazivanju tokom krivičnog postupka pred domaćim sudovima, u situacijama u kojima postoje dokazi za krivična djela ali su oni pribavljeni od organa strane države, a ne od domaćih organa. O mogućnosti upotrebe takvih dokaza u krivičnom postupku ne postoji jedinstven stav u domaćoj sudskoj praksi. Nakon što je ukazao na oprečne stavove o tome, kao i na odgovarajuću praksu Evropskog suda za ljudska prava, u završnom dijelu rada autor iznosi svoj prijedlog kako bi (i zbog čega) trebalo postupati u takvim situacijama.
Ključne riječi: korupcija, dokazivanje korupcije, pribavljanje dokaza, korištenje dokaza, dokazi pribavljeni u drugoj državi, zakonitost dokaza.