Constitutional Aspect of the Application of EU Standards on the Use of Electronic Signature in the Republic of Srpska
Abstract: The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines the right for free economy, which is the basis of economic development through the promotion of private ownership and the development of market economy. Every citizen have freedom of movement within and outside of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the freedom to choose a place of life, free choice of work and creating a business through positive competition between business entities.
Bosnia and Herzegovina has assumed the obligations of integrating international legislation into its legal system. In order to implement the constitutional right for freedom of movement of people and capital, Bosnia and Herzegovina is obliged to apply international standards and regulations in the field of identification documents. At the same time, Bosnia and Herzegovina is integrated in the regional market with neighboring countries, the continental market in Europe and the intercontinental global marketplace. Such integration requires the creation of conditions in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the development of a business environment that is at least the same or better in relation to other markets.
A constitutional obligation of all levels of government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is to remove all barriers that slow down or disrupt business, in order to enable that goods and services that are created by economic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina can be competitive. In the era of Internet and digital business development, products and services can and must be available in every corner of the planet, and each state must create constitutional legal requirements that guarantee the rapid and free movement of goods and equity under equal conditions. This constitutional obligation guarantees that citizens without discrimination have at least equal conditions for business as well as individuals in other countries and in other markets with which goods and services are exchanged.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is a legal and legitimate framework for the use of a digital signature. However, in practice, this way of legally valid business did not become a reality. In the business environment in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Srpska is not possible to sign contracts electronically, to report taxes and contributions legally certified by digital signatures or digitally archive business documents or to open a business electronically.
The question arises as to the objective reasons for this situation, as well as the constitutional and legal framework and practice in order to bring the citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska into equal status with citizens in the open capital market.
Keywords: Freedom of Movement of Goods and People, Digital Signature, Electronic Business, Qualified Digital Signature, Electronic Services .
Ustavnopravni aspekt primjene EU standarda o upotrebi elektronskog potpisa u Republici Srpskoj
Rezime: Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine određuje pravo na tržišnu i slobodnu ekonomiju koja je osnov ekonomskog razvoja kroz podsticaj privatnog vlasništva i razvoj tržišne privrede. Svakom građaninu se garantuje sloboda kretanja unutar i van Bosne i Hercegovine te sloboda izbora mjesta življenja, slobodnog izbora rada i kreiranje biznisa kroz pozitivnu konkurenciju između privrednih subjekata.
Bosna i Hercegovina je preuzela obaveze integracije međunarodnog zakonodavstva i ugovora u svoj pravni sistem. U cilju implementacije ustavnog prava na slobodu kretanja ljudi i kapitala, Bosna i Hercegovina je obavezna primeniti međunarodne standarde i propise u oblasti identifikacionih dokumenata. Istovremeno, Bosna i Hercegovina je integrisana u regionalno tržište sa susjednim zemljama, kontinentalno tržište u Evropi i interkontinentalno globalno tržište na kojima je moguće slobodno plasirati i prihvatiti ideje i robe. Ovakva integracija zahtjeva stvaranje uslova u Bosni i Hercegovini za razvoj poslovnog okruženja koji su minimalno iste ili bolji u odnosu na druga tržišta.
Ustavna obaveza svih nivoa državne vlasti je da se ukolone sve barijere koje usporavaju ili onemogućavaju poslovanje, kako bi robe i usluge koje kreiraju poslovni subjekti u Bosni I Hercegovini bili konkurentni.
U eri razvoja interneta i digitalnog poslovanja, proizvodi i usluge mogu i moraju biti dostupne u svakom kutku planete, a svaka država mora da stvori ustavnopravne uslove koji garantuju brzo i slobodno kretanja roba i kapitala pod jednakim uslovima. Ova ustavna obaveza predstavlja garanciju da građani bez diskriminacije imaju minimalno jednake uslove za poslovanje kao i pojedinci u drugim državma i na drugim tržištima sa kojima se razmjenjuju robe i usluge.
U Bosni i Hercegovini postoji zakonski i pravni okvir za korišćenje digitalnog potpisa, međutim, u praksi ovakav način zakonski validnog poslovanja nije zaživio. Poslovnom okruženju u Bosni i Hercegovini i Republici Srpskoj nije omogućeno da elektronski potpisuje ugovore, da prijavljuju poreze i doprinose koji su zakonski ovjereni digitalnim potpisima, da digitalno arhivira poslovnu dokumentaciju ili da otvori biznis elektronskim putem.
Postavlja se pitanje koji su objektivni razlozi za ovakvo stanje, te kakav je ustavni i pravni okvir, i praksa kako bi se građani Bosne i Hercegovine i Republike Srpske doveli u ravnopravan položaj sa građanima na otvorenom tržištu kapitala.
Ključne riječi: Ustav, ustavne slobode, ustavne nadležnosti, sloboda kretanja robe i ljudi, digitalni potpis, elektronsko poslovanje, kvalifikovani digitalni potpis, elektronski servisi.