Agresija u međunarodnom krivičnom pravu
Rezime: Od pojave termina „agresija“ kao pravnog pojma vodila se višedecenijska akademska bitka u kojoj su naučnici ukrštali svoje stavove i argumente u pokušaju da se odgonetne njeno pravo značenje i smisao. S druge strane, problemi u definisanju agresije proizilaze iz različitih pristupa koje su države imale prema ovom terminu: jedne su u definisanju agresije vidjele znak spasa protiv bilo čijeg miješanja u svoje unutrašnje probleme, dok su druge to smatrale ograničavajućim faktorom u ostvarivanju svojih pretenzija. Ipak, i u takvim uslovima napredak je bio neminovan. Od obične norme kojom se zabranjuje agresija, preko njenog određenja kao međunarodnog zločina, pa sve do iskristalisanog sistema individualne krivice pred Međunarodnim krivičnim sudom, agresija je prešla put koji je bio i težak i naporan, ali i uspješan.
Značajne korake u tom smislu predstavljali su Versajski mirovni ugovor, Kelog-Brajanov pakt, suđenja u Nirnbergu i Tokiju, Povelja Ujedinjenih nacija, Rezolucija Ujedinjenih nacija broj 3314, Rimski statut Međunarodnog krivičnog suda i konačno Reviziona konferencija u Kampali. Da li je „korak iz Kampale“ i poslednji? Iako predstavlja možda i najveću pobjedu u dosadašnjoj borbi za definisanje agresije, rješenje iz Kampale ima i jednu manu: njegova primjenljivost je uslovnog karaktera.
Ključne riječi: agresija, međunarodno krivično djelo, Međunarodni krivični sud, Rimski statut, Ujedinjene nacije.
Crime of Aggression in International Criminal Law
Summar: Ever since the term “aggression” appeared as a legal term, for several decades there has been an academic fight where scientists, attempting to decipher its real meaning and purpose, have been exchanging different views and arguments. On the other hand, problems in defining aggression arise from the fact that there has been a number of different approaches to this term, taken by various states, so that, in defining aggression, some states have seen a sign of salvation against anyone’s interference with their internal problems, whereas other states have seen it as a limiting factor for realising their pretensions. Yet, even in these circumstances, progress has been inevitable. Taking a path being difficult and hard but successful, the term „aggression“ has evolved from an ordinary clause prohibiting aggression through the international crime up to the clear system of individual guilt before the International Criminal Tribunal.
In this regard, the important steps have been made, including the Treaty of Versailles, the Kellogg–Briand Pact, the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, the Charter of the United Nations, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and, finally, the Kampala Review Conference. Is the step taken in Kampala the last one? Though the solution reached in Kampala may have hitherto been the greatest victory in defining aggression, it also has a flaw: its applicability is of a conditional nature.
Key words: aggression, international crimes, the International Criminal Court, Rome Statute, United Nations.