Probijanje pravne ličnosti
Abstract: The subject of the research is the institute of commercial law, which is in the service of protecting the creditors of those companies whose members are liable up to the amount invested. We are talking about a kind of legal phenomenon called “piercing the corporate veil” or, as the legislator calls it, “abuse of legal entity” which, although it was legitimized three decades ago, is insufficiently processed in our legal theory, and only exceptionally applied in judicial practice, despite the fact that it is often the only means of protecting creditors against unscrupulous debtors. The decisive evidence in such disputes is financial forensic expertise. Aware that the scientific treatment of this institute will not automatically lead to its more frequent application, the author believes that it will still contribute to the raising of legal awareness, like Paracelsus’ saying: “The more knowledge is inherent in a thing, the greater the love” ... because power is in knowledge.
Key words: the principle of limited liability, abuse of a company, violation of principles of conscientiousness and honesty, piercing (lifting) the corporate veil
Rezime: Predmet istraživanja je institut privrednog prava koji je u službi zaštite poverilaca onih privrednih društava čiji članovi odgovaraju do visine uloženog. Reč je o svojevrsnom pravnom fenomenu pod nazivom “probijanje pravne ličnosti” ili, kako ga zakonodavac naziva, “zloupotreba pravnog lica” koji је, iako ozakonjen još pre tri decenije, u našoj pravnoj teoriji nedovoljno obrađen, a u sudskoj praksi samo izuzetno primenjen, uprkos tome što često predstavlja jedino sredstvo zaštite poverilaca protiv nesavesnih dužnika. Odlučujući dokaz u ovakvim sporovima je finansijsko forenzičko veštačenje. Svestan da naučna obrada ovog instituta neće po automatizmu dovesti do njegove učestalije primene, autor veruje da će ipak doprineti podizanju pravne svesti, poput one Paracelzusove: “Više se voli ono o čemu se više zna”1… jer, snaga je u znanju.
Ključne riječi: princip ograničene odgovornosti, zloupotreba privrednog društva, povreda načela savesnosti i poštenja, privid ili probijanje pravne ličnosti.